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Killing Stone

Sesshōseki

Killing Stone

Killing Stone

Their soul is listening — speak, and they will answer.

Basic Description

The Killing Stone is a great mass of lava beside the Nasu Yumoto hot springs in Tochigi Prefecture, long feared as a poison stone that takes the life of any creature that draws near. The whole area is a volcanic fumarole zone, where toxic volcanic gases such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide vent ceaselessly from fissures in the ground. Because these gases are heavier than air and pool in hollows, birds, insects, and small beasts that venture near are poisoned and die. From this—a stone that kills living things—it came to be called the “Sesshōseki,” the Killing Stone.

The barren, sulfur-reeking waste where no plant grows is called the Sai-no-Kawara, lined with countless Jizō statues. Matsuo Bashō, who visited in 1689, wrote in Oku no Hosomichi (The Narrow Road to the Deep North) that bees, butterflies, and the like lay dead in such heaps, killed by the poisonous fumes, that the color of the sand could not be seen. By legend, this stone is the transformed shape of the slain nine-tailed fox (Tamamo-no-Mae), though that tale is told in full elsewhere.

Folklore & Legends

The climax of the traditions surrounding the Killing Stone is its subjugation by the priest Gennō in the Muromachi period. Gennō Shinshō, a Sōtō Zen monk who founded temples in many provinces, is said to have visited Nasu in 1385, delivered through ritual power the vengeful spirit of the fox that clung to the poison stone, and shattered the stone with a great mallet. The carpenter’s hammer called a gennō is said to take its name from this episode of the priest splitting the Killing Stone [3].

The shattered stone broke into three, its fragments flying to various parts of Japan. They are said in particular to have fallen in places bearing the name “Takada”—Mimasaka Takada (Maniwa, Okayama), Echigo Takada (Jōetsu, Niigata), and Aki Takada (Hiroshima). Some traditions tie the origins of regional possessing spirits—the gobō-dane of Hida, the inugami of Shikoku, the osaki of Kōzuke—to these flying fragments of the Killing Stone, but such accounts vary from place to place and are far from fixed.

The stone was also depicted as a yokai: Toriyama Sekien included the Killing Stone as one plate in his Konjaku Hyakki Shūi (1781).

The Killing Stone remains a leading sight of Nasu today, and in 2014 it was designated a National Place of Scenic Beauty as one of the “Scenic Spots of Oku no Hosomichi” associated with Matsuo Bashō. In March 2022 it drew attention when the stone was found to have split in two. The town of Nasu, noting that cracks had been visible for some years, judged that it had split naturally; locally a new shimenawa rope was hung and a memorial rite was held.

Detailed Analysis

This version looks at how the Sesshōseki, as a poison stone, has been told of on the noh stage and at sites of worship. In the noh play Sesshōseki, when the traveling priest Gennō approaches the stone on the Nasu Plain, a village woman appears and tells the stone’s origin; in time the stone splits open and the spirit of the fox emerges from within. The spirit repents of the evil deeds of its life, vows to attain buddhahood, saved by the priest’s ritual power, and vanishes. Here the Killing Stone is not merely a stone that kills, but something in which a lost soul dwells, to be quieted through memorial rites.

Around the Killing Stone lies a desolate land where no plant grows and sulfurous smoke hangs in the air, called from of old the Sai-no-Kawara, lined with countless Jizō statues that mourn the dead. The Nasu Onsen Shrine stands close by, and at its Goshinka (Sacred Fire) Festival each May, a rite is said to be held in which the shrine’s fire is carried before the stone to quiet the mountain’s fire and the stone’s numinous power.

Seen this way, the dread of the Killing Stone is rooted less in a stone that moves of its own will than in the sense of a boundary: “step past here and you lose your life.” The very zone filled with poison fumes was feared as a threshold between the world of the living and the world beyond, and it was believed that calamity reached only those who trespassed that boundary.

Character Profile

This section is our own creative profile for storytelling. It is not historical fact or scholarship.

Rarity
Epic
Personality
It does not move of its own accord, yet it brings any who trespass its bounds quietly and mercilessly to death. To those who keep their distance in awe, it does nothing.
Compatibility
Harmless to those who pay reverence and keep the boundary; a calamity to those who, grown arrogant, step across it
Abilities
Taking the lives of creatures that draw near with the poison fumes of the fumarole zoneThe power of a barrier marking the threshold between this world and the nextSaid to harbor the vengeful spirit of the slain foxScattering as broken fragments to carry calamity to distant places (by tradition)
Weaknesses
  • Deliverance through sutra chanting and ritual power (the Gennō episode)
  • fracture by wind, rain, or crustal movement
  • a reverent heart that does not trespass the boundary
Habitat
The fumarole zone of Nasu Yumoto in Tochigi Prefecture (the Sai-no-Kawara); places elsewhere named “Takada” in the fragment traditions

🔮Yokai Compatibility Test

For more detailed information and diagnosis results about The Killing Stone of Nasu, the Poison-Breathing Stone, please click here.

Sources & References

5
  1. 国指定名勝 殺生石と那須伝説(栃木県那須町, 2014) [自治体資料]那須町による殺生石伝説と史跡の解説。那須野の九尾狐伝承、火山ガス、国指定名勝としての殺生石に触れる。
  2. おくのほそ道松尾芭蕉((紀行・元禄2年の旅、那須殺生石を記す), 1689) [古典文献]「石の香や夏草赤く露あつし」。毒気で蜂蝶が砂地を覆うほど死すと記す殺生石の描写。
  3. 玄翁/玄能(語源由来辞典)(語源由来辞典) [辞典]大工道具の金槌「玄翁」は殺生石を打ち割った源翁和尚にちなむとする語源説。
  4. 今昔百鬼拾遺鳥山石燕(安永10年(1781年)) [古典文献]
  5. 殺生石(謡曲)作者未詳(世阿弥作とも)((能・上演記録は1503年『実隆公記』), 室町時代) [古典文献] Reference那須野の殺生石に宿る狐の霊と、僧による鎮魂を描く能の演目。玉藻前伝説と殺生石を結びつける重要な典拠。

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