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Nue

NOO-eh

Nue

Nue

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Basic Description

The Nue is one of the most representative yōkai in Japan, famously known as a chimeric aberration composed of a monkey's head, a tanuki's body, a tiger's limbs, and a snake's tail. Originally, "Nue" was the ancient name for a real bird (the White's thrush) that sings a mournful "hyo, hyo" in the night. During the Heian period, its cry was deeply abhorred and considered a "sinister omen." In the *Tale of the Heike*, the monster slain by Minamoto no Yorimasa was inherently a "nameless beast," merely described as "crying eerily like a nue." However, later generations mistakenly applied the name of the bird's cry to the monster itself, thus cementing its identity. It is an extremely unique and important entity in the history of Japanese yōkai, having morphed over the centuries from an invisible "auditory apparition" into a visual "chimera."

Folklore & Legends

The legend of the Nue was defined by the account in Volume 4, "Nue," of the *Tale of the Heike*. During the reign of Emperor Konoe at the end of the Heian period, eerie black clouds would gather from the forest of Higashi-Sanjo every night at the hour of the ox (around 2:00 AM), causing the Emperor to fall ill with a mysterious affliction. Summoned to strike down this unknown terror, Minamoto no Yorimasa loosed an arrow crafted from mountain pheasant tail feathers, bringing down an aberration with a monkey's head, a tanuki's body, a tiger's limbs, and a snake's tail. His retainer, Ino Hayata, delivered the finishing blow with his sword.

The slain Nue's corpse was placed in an *utsubobune* (a hollowed-out log boat) and cast down the Yodo River. As a remnant of ancient purification rituals that sought to "wash away impurities with water," legends of "Nuezuka" (Nue Mounds) still exist today along the riverbanks in places like Miyakojima Ward in Osaka and Ashiya City in Hyogo Prefecture.

During the Muromachi period, Zeami adapted the legend into the Noh play *Nue*. In this work, the Nue is not merely a wicked beast to be slain; rather, it is depicted as a deeply Buddhist and tragic spirit, lamenting its misfortune of being cast adrift in a hollow boat to sink into the dark depths of the water, pleading with a traveling monk for salvation (*ekō*). Entering the Edo period, Toriyama Sekien illustrated it as a colossal synthetic beast emerging from black clouds in his *Konjaku Gazu Zoku Hyakki*, thereby completely fixing its modern visual image as a "chimeric monster."

Yokai Cards1

Nue across multiple art-style decks

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Related Yokai

Yokai deeply tied to this one in legend.

Kindred1

Detailed Analysis

This is the interpretation of the chimera clad in black clouds, shot down by Minamoto no Yorimasa. In this version, the Nue is not simply a physical beast of prey; it functions as a kind of "sorcerous cyborg," the incarnate coagulation of the "indefinable anxiety" and "political pathology" that gripped the aristocratic society of its time.

From the perspective of modern yōkai studies and Onmyōdō (the Way of Yin and Yang), the animals comprising the Nue are said to symbolize the "four corners (boundaries)" in the directional system of the Chinese zodiac. Specifically, the monkey represents the "Southwest (Hitsujisaru)," the tiger represents the demon gate of the "Northeast (Ushitora)," and the snake represents the "Southeast (Tatsumi)." While the cardinal directions represent a world of stable order, the four corners are considered unstable boundaries leading to the otherworld. The Nue is the embodiment of chaos, a patchwork assembled from the "outside of order."

Even more fascinating is that the beasts corresponding to the final direction, the "Northwest (Inui)"—namely, the "boar (Inoshishi)" and the "dog (Inu)"—are absent from the creature's physical body. However, in the *Tale of the Heike*, the retainer who rushed to the Nue shot down by Yorimasa and thrust the finishing blade into it was named "Ino Hayata" (whose name contains the character for boar). Some interpret this as an exceptionally exquisite symbolism: it is only through the addition of the missing final direction (the boar) that the sorcerous spatial construct of the Nue is completed and thereby annihilated.

The means by which the Nue plunged the Emperor into sickness was not direct violence, but rather the pollution of "ki" (life force) caused by its scream-like "hyo-hyo" cries and the visual pressure of the black clouds. The Nue is essentially one of Japan's greatest political monsters—a manifestation of the waning royal authority and the turbulent atmosphere of the late Heian period, an era when the samurai rose to power and the world of the aristocracy began to crumble, taking the physical form of a "synthetic beast."

Character Profile

This section is our own creative profile for storytelling. It is not historical fact or scholarship.

Rarity
Legendary
Personality
Gloomy, stoking suspicion and anxiety, yet exuding sorrow after being slain.
Compatibility
Prefers silence and darkness, but is drawn to those in power and anything that disrupts order.
Abilities
Amplifies mental anxiety (illness) with an eerie cryConceals its form by donning black clouds and miasmaEmbodies directional sorcerous chaos (the beasts of the four corners)
Weaknesses
Physical and sorcerous surprise attacks from a distance using bows and arrows, the light of dawn, and having its true identity revealed by name
Habitat
The rooftops of the Imperial Court, riverbanks where things are washed away, and the edges of forests near human settlements

🔮Yokai Compatibility Test

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Sources & References

2
  1. 平家物語(巻第四「鵺」)(作者未詳・軍記物語)((覚一本ほか), 鎌倉期(13世紀)) [classical_text]源頼政が近衛天皇・二条天皇の御代に、御所を悩ます怪鳥(鵺)を射落とす退治譚を載せる巻。頭猿・胴狸・尾蛇・手足虎の描写の典拠。
  2. 今昔画図続百鬼「逢魔時」鳥山石燕(江戸東京博物館所蔵・国文学研究資料館国書データベース, 安永8年(1779)) [古典文献]黄昏を「百魅の生ずる時」とし、小児を外へ出すことを禁じる世俗と王莽時の見立てを記した原典図像。

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