Divine
Yokai

Kariba Myojin

kariba-myojin

Basic Description

Kariba Myojin is an alias for Takanomiko no Okami, the child deity of Niutsuhime and the god of hunting[1]. According to the legend of the founding of Mount Koya, he appeared before Kukai, who had returned from Tang China, in the guise of a hunter accompanied by two dogs, one black and one white. He is said to have guided Kukai to Mount Koya, revealing it as a suitable land for the fundamental training ground of Shingon esoteric Buddhism[2]. The hunter was actually an incarnation of Takanomiko no Okami, and it is said that the two divine dogs guided Kukai to Amano, where the mother deity, Niutsuhime, granted him the divine territory. He is depicted in the attire of a mountain hunter, wearing a kariginu (hunting cloak), carrying a bow and arrows, and accompanied by dogs. At Niutsuhime Shrine, he is enshrined alongside Niu Myojin as the deity of the Second Shrine, "Kariba Myojin"[1].

Folklore & Legends

The oldest textual source for this legend is the "Kongobuji Konryu Shugyo Engi," compiled in the 11th to 12th centuries. It identifies the hunter who guided Kukai from Uchi District in Yamato Province to the border of Kii Province around the 7th year of Konin (816) as Takanomiko no Okami (Kariba Myojin)[2]. Similar tales are recorded in the "Konjaku Monogatari-shu," where the black and white dogs are described as spiritual beasts pointing the way to the sacred site[2]. The "Niu Hafuri-shi Honkeicho," transmitted by the Niu clan, states that the Niu family originally made their living through hunting and were hunters accompanied by two dogs for sacrificial offerings to the gods. It is believed that this tradition was incorporated into the founding tale of Mount Koya[1]. The two divine dogs are believed to be spiritual beasts that lead people to happiness and good matches as "guiding divine dogs." At Niutsuhime Shrine, Kishu dogs are still kept today, carrying on the names Shiromaru and Kuromaru[1]. Niukanshofu Shrine (Kudoyama-cho), which has deep ties to Kukai, also enshrines Kariba Myojin, serving as a guardian shrine at the entrance to the Mount Koya pilgrimage route.

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Yokai deeply tied to this one in legend.

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Detailed Analysis

Kariba Myojin is the guardian deity of Mount Koya who most purely embodies the nature of a "God of Guidance." The religious logic that sacred sites are not found by humans but revealed by gods was narrativized into the legend of a hunter and divine dogs guiding an esoteric Buddhist practitioner into the mountains. His true name, Takanomiko no Okami, means the child deity of Niutsuhime. By both mother and son deities yielding the divine territory to Kukai, it represents the local pantheon's approval of the site becoming a sacred ground for Shingon esoteric Buddhism. The iconography of the kariginu, bow and arrows, and two dogs preserves the form of an ancient mountain god presiding over mountain livelihoods (hunting) and resonates with the historical fact that the Niu clan was a group of hunters accompanied by sacrificial dogs. The divine dogs generated a belief as "guiding divine dogs" leading people to good matches and happiness, a motif carried on by the modern Kishu dogs, Shiromaru and Kuromaru, at Niutsuhime Shrine. The footprints of this guiding deity are carved throughout the pilgrimage routes, such as the Mount Koya Choishi-michi and Niukanshofu Shrine.

Character Profile

This section is our own creative profile for storytelling. It is not historical fact or scholarship.

Personality
A silent hunter deity who knows every inch of the mountains and fields. He possesses the virtue of guidance, leading seekers of truth to the correct sacred sites, pioneering paths through trackless mountains with his black and white divine dogs. He embodies filial piety to his mother deity and a deep connection to the land.
Compatibility
母神の丹生都比売と一対をなし、空海・高野山の開創と不可分に結ばれる。二匹の神犬 (白丸・黒丸) を眷属とする。
Abilities
Guidance to sacred sites and the righteous path (Divine virtue of guidance)Commanding two divine dogs (Shiromaru and Kuromaru)Protection of mountains, fields, and huntingBlessings for good matches and improved fortune
Weaknesses
Difficult to manifest if the person being guided lacks a connection to the land; his divine power is tied to the Mount Koya pilgrimage routes and the sanctuaries of the Niu faith.
Habitat
The forests of Mount Koya, pilgrimage routes like the Choishi-michi, and the mountainous regions bordering Kii Province. The precincts of Niukanshofu Shrine and Niutsuhime Shrine.

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Sources & References

2
  1. 丹生都比売神社 ── 紀伊国一宮·世界遺産和歌山県伊都郡かつらぎ町天野·丹生都比売神社(丹生都比売神社 (公式) / Wikipedia (日本語)「丹生都比売神社」, 貞観元年 (859 年) 神階奉授·延喜式名神大社·平成 16 年 (2004 年) 世界遺産登録) [神社縁起·公式資料] Reference高野山の地主神丹生都比売と子神高野御子大神 (狩場明神) を主祭神とする紀伊国一宮。社伝·ご神犬 (みちびきのご神犬) 伝承·世界遺産登録を伝える公式資料。
  2. 金剛峯寺建立修行縁起 (高野山開創縁起)(高野山·真言宗の縁起伝承)(『金剛峯寺建立修行縁起』ほか/『今昔物語集』所収, 11〜12 世紀成立 (開創は弘仁 7 年·816 年ごろ)) [古典文献·寺院縁起] Reference空海が白黒二匹の犬を連れた狩人 (高野御子大神·狩場明神) に導かれ高野山に至り、丹生都比売から神領を授かったとする高野山開創縁起。最古の典拠は『金剛峯寺建立修行縁起』、類話は『今昔物語集』にも載る。

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