Raijin's earliest appearance can be found in the Yomi (Underworld) myth of the Kojiki. According to the first volume of the "Kojiki" (712)^[5], when Izanagi saw Izanami's decaying body in the Underworld, eight thunder deities had emerged upon it—Oikazuchi on her head, Honoikazuchi on her chest, Kuroikazuchi on her abdomen, Sakuikazuchi on her genitals, Wakaikazuchi on her left hand, Tsuchiikazuchi on her right hand, Naruikazuchi on her left foot, and Fusuikazuchi on her right foot (collectively known as the Eight Thunder Gods, or Yakusa-no-ikazuchi-no-kami). A similar account is recorded in the "Nihon Shoki" (720)^[6]. The center of classical Raijin worship is Kamo-wakeikazuchi Shrine (Kamigamo Shrine, Kyoto)^[2], tracing its origins to the legend of the red-painted arrow (ninuri-no-ya) from the lost writings of the "Yamashiro no Kuni Fudoki"—in which Tamayori-hime was impregnated by a red-painted arrow floating down the Kamo River, giving birth to Wakeikazuchi-no-kami. In the mid-Heian period, the vengeful spirit of Sugawara no Michizane, who died in exile after losing a political struggle, merged with the fire-thunder deity Karai Tenjin following the Seiryoden lightning strike incident of the eighth year of the Encho era (930)^[3] (where a lightning strike killed and injured courtiers including Major Counselor Fujiwara no Kiyotsura, shortly after which Emperor Daigo also passed away). He was subsequently enshrined as the Tenjin deity of Kitano Tenmangu (founded in 947)^[4]. In the realm of folklore, the first volume of the "Nihon Ryoiki"^[7] tells of a farmer who saved a thunder god that had fallen to earth, and was blessed with a heaven-sent child of thunder; this child grew up to be Dojo Hoshi, a monk of extraordinary strength who vanquished the oni of Gango-ji temple. In popular belief, customs such as hiding one's belly button when thunder claps (under the superstition that "Lord Thunder will steal your belly button") and chanting "Kuwabara, kuwabara" as a charm to ward off lightning strikes are widely known. The origins of the latter are contested, split between a Kyoto legend claiming lightning never struck Michizane's estate in Kuwabara, and a Settsu legend about a thunder child locked in a well at Kinsho-ji temple. Additionally, the beast-like yokai known as "Raiju," said to fall to earth alongside lightning strikes, belongs to a separate lineage from Raijin, the ogre-like thunder god.